China tech: five US venture capital firms invested over US$3 billion in mainland AI, semiconductors

SMIC is the mainland’s largest semiconductor foundry company and since 2020 has been on the US government’s Entity List, which bars it from buying tools from US suppliers without a special licence.

“Decades of investment – including funding, knowledge transfer and other intangible benefits – from US VCs have helped build and strengthen the PRC’s priority sectors,” the lawmakers wrote in the report. “This bell cannot be unrung.”

“Simply put, robust PRC-outbound investment restrictions in key strategic sectors are a national security and human rights imperative.”
Other Chinese tech companies identified by the report, on the US government blacklist and in receipt of investment from the five US VC firms included AI developers Megvii and SenseTime, which are alleged to be involved in surveillance of Uygurs, an ethnic minority group in China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

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Beyond what the investigation documented, billions more in US money have poured into China, supporting the country’s military, “digital authoritarianism, and efforts to develop technological supremacy and undermine American technological leadership”, according to the report.

“The status quo is untenable,” it said.

The seven-month US congressional investigation looked at venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, based in Menlo Park, California, as well as GGV Capital, GSR Ventures, Qualcomm Ventures and Walden International. Photo: Bloomberg

In a reply to the Post, a Qualcomm spokesperson said that its VC unit invests in companies worldwide as part of its engagement with the global tech ecosystem.

“Qualcomm’s investments are generally small in any given market compared to venture firms and constitute less than two per cent of the total investments discussed in today’s report,” the spokesperson said.

GGV Capital, GSR Ventures, Sequoia Capital and Walden International did not immediately respond to Post queries regarding the congressional findings.

In Thursday’s report, the lawmakers recommended that Washington immediately restrict US investment in entities sanctioned or red-flagged by the US government for ties to either the People’s Liberation Army or forced labour and genocide.

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Meanwhile, they recommended implementing additional outbound-investment restrictions in areas related to China’s critical and emerging technologies, military capabilities and human rights.

Beijing has vehemently denied that any human rights abuses have taken place in Xinjiang, where the West’s accusations of genocide and forced labour have centred.

An escalating rivalry between the world’s two largest economies has already triggered ruptures between American venture capital funds and Chinese tech start-ups.

US Congress mulls new methods to restrict investment in Chinese tech sectors

Last June, Sequoia Capital announced a formal split from its Chinese section Sequoia China, which has been rebranded as HongShan.

In September, GGV Capital said it was splitting its business into two, with one focused on Asia and the other on the US. The separation is slated for completion by the end of the first quarter of 2024.

Last week, at a hearing by the House Financial Services subcommittee on national security, illicit finance and international financial institutions, US lawmakers solicited recommendations for potential legislative actions to tighten restrictions on outbound investment that could bolster China’s tech and military sectors.

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