China’s firms risk stunting growth with ‘vicious competition’, senior official says

As a fierce debate rages among China’s biggest electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers over an ongoing price war, a senior official has invoked “involution” – a term popularised by pessimistic online discussion of the country’s economy – to caution against the intense competition that has stifled growth in some sectors.

Han Wenxiu, deputy director of the General Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission, published an article discussing recent guidelines from Beijing to achieve “high-quality development” – a common phrase referencing the world’s second-largest economy’s attempts to rise up the global value chain.

“We have to … remove administrative barriers, dismiss local protectionism and the vicious competition of ‘involution’ so we can speed up the building of a unified market,” Han wrote in Qiushi, a theoretical journal of the country’s Communist Party, in an article published on Sunday.

Han’s deployment of the buzzword serves as tacit acknowledgement by a top Chinese official of the challenges the country’s few booming industries face in an economy desperate for new growth drivers. Observers have also taken notice as they look for signs of policy directions to be taken at the third plenum of the party’s Central Committee, scheduled to be held in the coming weeks.

Endless involution and a boorish price war will result in cutting corners and substandard products

Li Shufu
“Involution”, in its earliest iteration, referred to the shrinking opportunities available in a fiercely competitive society despite the hard work put in by its participants. It has since been adopted by players in the industries labelled the “new three”- photovoltaics, lithium-ion batteries and EVs – which China considers potential new sources of economic growth.

But challenges, both domestic and international, have arisen for these industries which could disrupt China’s manufacturing sector as it attempts to walk the path of “high-quality development”.

Across a series of industry conferences held in the last few weeks, carmakers have sparred with one another over whether the race to win consumers with lower EV prices is part of healthy market competition or a drag on product quality.

“Endless involution and a boorish price war will result in cutting corners and substandard products,” Geely Auto founder Li Shufu said in a filmed statement to his counterparts at the China Auto Chongqing Summit on June 7.

Wang Chuanfu, chairman of EV giant BYD, said at the same forum that involution is a “rule of nature in the market … only when we embrace it can we ascend from the competition.”

BYD itself came under criticism using similar terminology at a conference on June 1, as executive Yu Chengdong of competitor Huawei called the company the “king of involution” over its “ability to produce at a super low cost”.

China, the world’s top EV manufacturer, has been dealing with overcapacity concerns following the collapse of smaller domestic players like WM Motor and Human Horizons. According to data from the China Passenger Cars Association, prices for 60 different types of EVs were slashed in the country from January to May.
Along with the rigours of a heated domestic competition, China’s EVs are also facing increased pressure from other countries, most notably the US and European Union. Exports of green technology, particularly EVs, are being constrained on the basis of allegations of unfair competition driven by heavy state subsidies.

Han’s article hit back at these claims, accusing “some Western countries” of limiting China’s transition to the more lucrative “high-quality development” through trade barriers and protectionism to keep China in the lower or middle segments of the global supply chain.

“We have to push for high-quality development to make sure we are self-reliant in high-level technology,” Han said, “and we can minimise differences with the world’s top-tier technology level so that we will not be ‘choked’ in key areas.”

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