The double whammy comes amid rising anxiety in some European capitals over the threat of Chinese surveillance practices and as authorities mull how to counter foreign interference in democratic institutions, industry and academia.
“We are aware of the significant threat posed by Chinese espionage in business, industry and science,” said Nancy Faeser, the German interior minister, in a statement.
The arrest warrant alleges that one of the people, designated as Thomas R., was acting as an agent of Beijing’s state security ministry – its secret police service – and charged with obtaining information on “innovative technologies that could be used militarily”.
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Thomas R. was said to have enlisted a couple in the German city of Düsseldorf to gather technological intelligence. Through “Herwig F. and Ina F.”, the first suspect was able to collaborate with the German science and research sectors.
“The accused are strongly suspected of having worked for a Chinese secret service since a point in time that cannot be precisely determined before June 2022,” the prosecutor’s statement read.
They stand accused of forging a cooperation agreement with a German university for the purpose of transferring sensitive scientific information.
This included preparing a study for a “Chinese contractual partner on state-of-the-art machine parts that are also important for the operation of powerful ship engines, for example, in combat ships”, the statement added.
“Behind the Chinese contractual partner was the MSS employee from whom Thomas R. received his orders,” it continued, referring to the Beijing ministry. “The project was financed by Chinese state authorities.
“At the time of their arrest, the accused were in further negotiations about research projects that could be useful for expanding China’s maritime combat power.”
They are also alleged to have bought a “special laser from Germany” on behalf of Beijing’s state security ministry, and exporting it to China without seeking approval under the EU’s dual-use laws governing trade of the instrument.
The three were scheduled to appear before Germany’s Federal Court of Justice on Monday and Tuesday. They were also to be issued arrest warrants and adjudicated on the terms of their pre-trial detention.
“The three arrests for alleged espionage for a Chinese intelligence service are a great success for our counter-espionage efforts,” said Faeser, the German minister.
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Cash had been an aide to Alicia Kearns, head of the British parliament’s foreign affairs committee, and previously worked for the China Research Group, an influential think tank launched by Tom Tugendhat, now the security minister.
According to a statement from the Crown Prosecution Service, the men are accused of working between January 2022 and February 2023 to “obtain, collect, record, publish or communicate … articles, notes, documents or information which were calculated to be, might be or were intended to be, directly or indirectly, useful to an enemy”.
The German and British cases could heighten suspicions of Chinese espionage activity in Europe.
British intelligence services accused China’s state-affiliated APT31 of “conducting reconnaissance activity” against a group of lawmakers who were “prominent in calling out the malign activity of China” in 2021, the government said on Monday.