Minor clashes broke out Sunday in parts of Mumbai, including one incident where Hindus chanting religious slogans passed through a Muslim neighbourhood on the megacity’s outskirts.
No serious injuries were reported in the melee, but by Tuesday, authorities had called in excavators to knock down more than a dozen shopfronts belonging to Muslims in that locality, according to local media reports.
India’s Hindu nationalist fervour echoed in ancient city Ayodhya’s revamp
India’s Hindu nationalist fervour echoed in ancient city Ayodhya’s revamp
The following evening, another 40 shopfronts were knocked down on Mohammed Ali Road, a major downtown thoroughfare and centre of local Muslim commerce that had also seen weekend clashes.
“We were undertaking deep clearing of the road in which some temporary hawkers and so forth were removed,” said a local municipal officer, who declined to be named.
Numerous traders of all faiths often build makeshift shopfronts out of canvas and wood to shield their businesses and patrons from the city’s scorching sun and pounding monsoon rains.
Municipal officials told local media that the campaign was “routine” and planned before Sunday’s clashes, and that it was aimed at clearing illegal encroachments and easing pedestrian traffic.
So-called “bulldozer justice” has been an increasingly common tool of local officials in India to punish suspected criminals by demolishing their property.
Rights groups have condemned the practice as an unlawful exercise in collective punishment that disproportionately targets the country’s Muslim minority.
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Inauguration of India’s Ayodhya temple tipped to whip up Hindu nationalism ahead of elections
Inauguration of India’s Ayodhya temple tipped to whip up Hindu nationalism ahead of elections
Aaker Patel of Amnesty International said in a statement that this week’s drive in Mumbai represented a “policy of arbitrarily and punitively demolishing Muslim properties following episodes of communal violence”.
Demolition drives have been employed in numerous Indian states ruled by Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in recent years against the homes of people accused of taking part in anti-government protests.
Muslims make up the bulk of those targeted in the campaigns.
Officials elsewhere in India customarily say that the demolitions are lawful, as they only target buildings constructed without official approval.
That is disputed by victims, who say they are not given the legally required notice period to dispute demolition orders.
In India, chorus of anti-Muslim hatred grows louder with rise of H-pop
In India, chorus of anti-Muslim hatred grows louder with rise of H-pop
Sunday’s clashes happened on the eve of Modi’s inauguration of a new Hindu temple to the deity Ram in the northern city of Ayodhya.
Processions in Mumbai had been celebrating the opening of the shrine, which was built atop a centuries-old mosque torn down by Hindu zealots in 1992 – an incident that sparked India’s most deadly sectarian riots since independence.
Local media outlets said at least 13 people had been arrested for taking part in the weekend clashes.