The trend continued this year as a result of high inflation, energy bills and business rates, which cut into increasingly stretched earnings.
Nearly the same number again (383) were demolished or converted into other types of use in the first six months of this year alone.
The BBPA reckons 2024 will be “decisive” for the industry, which supports some 936,000 jobs, and wants cuts on beer duties, business rates and sales taxes.
People drink less as there are many other ways to spend leisure time and money. Many people go to the supermarket and drink at home, paying less than at a pub
Social historian Paul Jennings, who has written extensively about British pubs, is not surprised that so many have called “time”.
“People drink less as there are many other ways to spend leisure time and money,” he said.
“Many people go to the supermarket and drink at home, paying less than at a pub.”
The rate of pub closures first gathered pace in the 1800s and early 1900s, when high levels of alcohol consumption and public drunkenness gave rise to the temperance movement.
The religious and social movement, which campaigned against the recreational use and sale of liquor, earned government support.
Last call: UK pubs risk closure without help from ‘lethal’ energy costs
Last call: UK pubs risk closure without help from ‘lethal’ energy costs
By the end of the 19th century, it is estimated that about one in 10 adults shunned alcohol and rowdy public houses.
The next significant blow came after the 1930 Housing Act, which required local councils to demolish slums, leading to the demolition of many street corner “locals”.
Just last year, planners were permitted to demolish the 200-year-old Still and Star opposite Aldgate tube station in London, despite a campaign by the Victorian Society.
Described by the heritage body as “one of the last surviving relics of the City of London’s working-class past”, it has now made way for a new high-rise office block.
“Hopefully, at some point, the decline will stabilise as we approach the minimum number of pubs needed to satisfy demand in each area,” said Nick Fish, head of statistics at the BBPA.
Attempts are being made to preserve Britain’s pub culture, which stretches back 2,000 years to the Roman era, when wine-serving “tabernae” were set up to quench the thirst of soldiers and travellers.
The National Trust heritage conservation body has taken ownership of 39 pubs and inns in Britain, including the George Inn in south London.
The current building dates back to 1676. It is said to have been frequented by Charles Dickens and mentioned in his novel “Little Dorrit”.
Pub in Vogue village, UK, rebuffs magazine’s name-change request
Pub in Vogue village, UK, rebuffs magazine’s name-change request
Despite the closures, pubs and pub culture are still a draw, particularly for tourists.
“A pub might have to amend how it [adapts] to the changing world around them but there will always be a place in society for a classic British pub,” said John Warland, the director of Liquid History Tours, which offers dedicated pub tours of London.
“What would London be without them?”
For Historic England, another heritage body, pubs have always had to adapt to the shifting tastes of their changing clientele, from wine-drinking Romans to mead-sipping Vikings and ale-sipping locals.
Pubs will never completely disappear. They are part of British identity. We will simply have fewer
Food and drink author Pete Brown says many pubs are owned by real estate companies, which will gladly sell up if they believe they can make more money by erecting a supermarket or block of flats.
But Brown, author of Man Walks into a Pub: A Sociable History of Beer, still has a sense of optimism.
“Pubs will never completely disappear,” he said. “They are part of British identity. We will simply have fewer.”